Advanced Procedure and Axioms (1951): This book contains Ron's initial findings about the mechanism a person uses to explain away any failures in life, called a "service facsimile" because (he thinks) it serves him. The exact wording of it is unique to every individual. The mechanism has a serious downside, however, in that it locks a person into patterns of behavior that guarantee only further frustration and failure. The subject of self-determinism is a key concept explored in APA and Ron's researches developed an advance in Dianetics processing called Effort Processing that audited engrams more efficiently by addressing the thought, the emotion and the effort contained in them. The Fifteen Acts outlined aim to restore a person's self-determinism, including Ron's crucial discovery of the importance of responsibility in the rehabilitation of a person's ability. The axioms and discoveries laid out here set the direction for all future processing advances.